References
1 Novartis press release, March 27, 2019. “Novartis receives FDA approval for Mayzent® (siponimod), the first oral drug to treat secondary progressive MS with active disease.” https://www.novartis.com/news/media-releases/novartis-receives-fda-approval-mayzent-siponimod-first-oral-drug-treat-secondary-progressive-ms-active-disease
2 EMD Serono press release, March 29, 2019. “FDA approves MAVENCLAD® (Cladribine) Tablets as first and only shortcourse oral treatment for relapsing-remitting and active secondary progressive multiple sclerosis.” https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/fda-approves-mavenclad-cladribine-tablets-as-first-and-only-short-course-oral-treatment-for-relapsing-remitting-and-active-secondary-progressive-multiple-sclerosis-300821333.html
3 Mavenclad (cladribine) prescribing information. April 2019. EMD Serono, Inc. Rockland, MA.
4 Biogen press release, February 25, 2019. “Alkermes and Biogen announce U.S. Food and Drug Administration acceptance of diroximel fumarate New Drug Application for multiple sclerosis.” http://investors.biogen.com/news-releases/news-release-details/alkermes-and-biogen-announce-us-food-and-drug-administration
5 Celgene press release, March 25, 2019. “Celgene Submits Application to FDA for Ozanimod for the Treatment of Relapsing Forms of Multiple Sclerosis.” https://ir.celgene.com/press-releases/press-release-details/2019/Celgene-Submits-Application-to-FDA-for-Ozanimod-for-the-Treatment-of-Relapsing-Forms-of-Multiple-Sclerosis/default.aspx
6 Celgene press release, May 7, 2019. “Analysis showed oral ozanimod1 reduced brain volume loss across all age subgroups in adults with relapsing multiple sclerosis.” https://ir.celgene.com/press-releases/press-release-details/2019/Analysis-Showed-Oral-Ozanimod-Reduced-Brain-Volume-Loss-Across-All-Age-Subgroups-in-Adults-with-Relapsing-Multiple-Sclerosis/default.aspx
7 Biogen Inc. press release, January 3, 2019. “First patient enrolled in Biogen’s Phase 3B study to evaluate extended interval dosing (EID) with natalizumab in multiple sclerosis.” http://investors.biogen.com/news-releases/news-release-details/first-patient-enrolled-biogens-phase-3b-study-evaluate-extended
8 Cortese I, Muranski P, Enose-Akahata Y, et al. “Pembrolizumab treatment for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy.” N Engl J Med. 2019;380:1597-605. 52 Multiple Sclerosis Association of America
9 Wolinsky JS, et al. ECTRIMS 2018. [Abstract P910]
10 Manouchehrinia A, et al. ECTRIMS 2018. [Abstract P881]
11 Gold R, et al. ECTRIMS 2018. [Abstract P920]
12 Fält A, et al. ECTRIMS 2018. [Abstract P1228]
13 Comi G, et al. ECTRIMS 2018. [Abstract P1235]
14 Salvetti M, et al. ECTRIMS 2018. [Abstract P1236]
15 Zivadinov R, et al. ECTRIMS 2018. [Abstract P870]
16 Al-Izki S, et al. ECTRIMS 2018. [Abstract P1275]
17 Kappos L, et al. ECTRIMS 2018. [Abstract P1748]
18 Kingwell E, et al. “Multiple sclerosis: effect of beta interferon treatment on survival.” Brain. 2019; March 18. doing:10.1093/brain/awz055. [Epub ahead of print]
19 Brown JWL, Coles A, Horakova D, et al. “Association of initial disease-modifying therapy with later conversion to secondary progressive multiple sclerosis.” JAMA. 2019;321(2):175-187.
20 Chataway J. ECTRIMS 2018. [Abstract 324]
21 Tavares A, Barrett O, Alagille D, et al. “Brain distribution of MS565, an imaging analogue of siponimod (BAF312), in nonhuman primates.” (P1.168) Neurology. 2014;82(10):suppl. P1.168.
22 Kappos L, Bar-Or A, Cree BAC, et al. “Siponimod versus placebo in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (EXPAND): a double-blind, randomised, phase 3 study.” Lancet. 2018 391:1263-1273.
23 Mayzent (siponimod) prescribing information. March 2019. Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation. East Hanover, NJ.
24 Giovannoni G, et al. A placebo-controlled trial of oral cladribine for relapsing multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med. 2010. 362:416-426.
25 Hauser SL, et al. ECTRIMS 2018. [Abstract P590]
26 Arnold DL, et al. ECTRIMS 2018. [Abstract P588]
27 Hauser SL, et al. ECTRIMS 2018. [Abstract P1229]
28 Tecfidera (dimethyl fumarate) prescribing information. December 2017. Biogen Inc. Cambridge, MA.
29 Safer Demibuker S, et al. ECTRIMS 2018. [Abstract P1234]
30 Mancinelli CR, et al. ECTRIMS 2018. [Abstract P931]
31 Storm-Larsen C, et al. ECTRIMS 2018. [Abstract P960]
32 Bloomgren G, et al. “Risk of natalizumab-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy.” N Engl J Med. 2012;366:1870-1880.
33 Tysabri (natalizumab) prescribing information. April 2018. Biogen Inc. Cambridge, MA.
34 Ruggieri S, et al. ECTRIMS 2018. [Abstract P1770]
35 Vukusic S, et al. ECTRIMS 2018. [Abstract P1746]
36 Tysabrihcp.com. “Tysabri safety: a well-established profile.” https://www.tysabrihcp.com/en_us/home/efficacy-safety/pml-risk.html
37 Kappos L, et al. ECTRIMS 2018. [Abstract P916]
38 Fox E, et al. “Real-world durability of relapse rate reduction in patients with multiple sclerosis receiving fingolimod for up to 3 years: a retrospective US claims database analysis.” J Neurol Sci. 2019;398:163- 170.
39 Oreja-Guevara C, et al. ECTRIMS 2018. [P1239]
40 Kuhle J, et al. ECTRIMS 2018. [Abstract P1747]
41 Gallagher P. ECTRIMS 2018. [Abstract 264]
42 Plegridy (peginterferon beta-1a) prescribing information. July 2016. Biogen Inc. Cambridge, MA.
43 Aubagio (teriflunomide) prescribing information. November 2016. Genzyme Corporation. Cambridge, MA.
44 Comi G, et al. ECTRIMS 2018. [Abstract P1205]
45 Copaxone (glatiramer acetate) prescribing information. September 2018. Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc. North Wales, PA.
46 Hellwig K, et al. ECTRIMS 2018. [Abstract P1004]
47 Flechter S, et al. ECTRIMS 2018. [Abstract P1777]
48 Betaseron (interferon beta-1b) prescribing information. August 2018. Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals Inc. Whippany, NJ.
49 Vollmer B, et al. ECTRIMS 2018. [Abstract P1237]
50 Langer-Gould A, et al. ECTRIMS 2018. [Abstract 88]
51 Shukla NM, Lotze T. ACTRIMS 2019. [Abstract P047]
52 Kappos L, et al. ECTRIMS 2018. [Abstract P965]
53 Novartis press release, October 10, 2018. “Breadth of data at ECTRIMS underpins Novartis’ relentless commitment to decoding the science of multiple sclerosis (MS) and decreasing the patient burden.” https://www.novartis.com/news/media-releases/breadth-data-ectrims-underpins-novartis-relentless-commitment-decoding-science-multiple-sclerosis-ms-and-decreasing-patient-burden
54 ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02792218.
55 Zhu B, et al. ECTRIMS 2018. [Abstract EP1619]
56 ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03222973.
57 Mellion M, et al. “Efficacy results from the Phase 2b SYNERGY study: treatment of disabling multiple sclerosis with the anti- LINGO-1 monoclonal antibody opicinumab.” (S33.004) Neurology. 2017;88(16Suppl).
58 Fox E. ECTRIMS 2017. [Abstract P793]; Fox E. ECTRIMS 2018. [Abstract 229]
59 TG Therapeutics press release, March 1, 2019. “TG Therapeutics, Inc. announces final Phase 2 multiple sclerosis data presentation at the Americas Committee for Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis (ACTRIMS) Annual Meeting.” http://ir.tgtherapeutics.com/news-releases/news-release-details/tg-therapeutics-inc-announces-final-phase-2-multiple-sclerosis-1
60 TG Therapeutics press release, August 7, 2018. “TG Therapeutics announces completion of target enrollment in the ULTIMATE Phase 3 trials in multiple sclerosis.” http://ir.tgtherapeutics.com/news-releases/news-release-details/tg-therapeutics-announces-completion-target-enrollment-ultimate
61 GeNeuro SA press release, January 21, 2019. “GeNeuro Announces Positive Results from Temelimab (GNbAC1) Phase 1 High-dose Clinical Trial.” https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20190121005367/en/GeNeuro-Announces-Positive-Results-Temelimab-GNbAC1-Phase
62 Hartung H. ECTRIMS 2018. [Abstract 143]
63 GeNeuro SA press release, March 12, 2019. “GeNeuro’s ANGEL-MS Phase 2b extension study confirms and extends the neuroprotective effects of temelimab in MS.” https://www.geneuro.com/data/news/GeNeuro-PR-ANGEL-MS-EN-VF.pdf
64 Cohen JA, et al. “Safety and efficacy of the selective sphingosine 1- phosphate receptor modulator ozanimod in relapsing multiple sclerosis (RADIANCE): a randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial.” Lancet Neurol. 2016;15(4):373-381.
65 Celgene press release, March 8, 2019. “Celgene Submits Application to EMA for Ozanimod for the Treatment of Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis.” https://ir.celgene.com/press-releases/press-release-details/2019/Celgene-Submits-Application-to-EMA-for-Ozanimod-for-the-Treatment-of-Relapsing-Remitting-Multiple-Sclerosis/default.aspx
66 Comi G, et al. ECTRIMS 2018. [Abstract P1191]
67 Comi G, et al. ECTRIMS 2018. [Abstract P869]
68 Deluca J, et al. ECTRIMS 2018. [Abstract P556]
69 ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02907177.
70 Kappos L, et al. ECTRIMS 2018. [Abstract P568]
71 ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02425644.
72 Arnold DL, et al. AAN 2019. [Abstract P3.2-060]
73 ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03093324.
74 Naismith R, et al. ECTRIMS 2017. [Abstract P708]
75 Lehmann-Horn K, et al. “Targeting B cells in the treatment of multiple sclerosis: recent advances and remaining challenges.” Ther Adv Neurol Disord. 2013;6(3):161-173.
76 Montalban X. ECTRIMS 2018. [Abstract P322]
77 MediciNova, Inc. press release. Oct. 26, 2017. “MediciNova announces positive top-line results from the SPRINT-MS Phase 2b trial of MN-166 (ibudilast) in progressive MS: achieved both primary endpoints including a significant reduction in whole brain atrophy and safety and tolerability.” https://investors.medicinova.com/news-releases/news-release-details/medicinova-announces-positive-top-line-results-sprint-ms-phase
78 Goodman A, et al. AAN 2019. [Presentation 007: Session S12]
79 MediciNova, Inc. press release, April 1, 2019. “MediciNova Announces Results of Subgroup Analysis from the SPRINT-MS Phase 2b Trial of MN-166 (ibudilast) in Progressive MS.” https://www.apnews.com/Globe%20Newswire/23e846bb5075003f0f096c9ae599009b
80 Eshaghi A, et al. ECTRIMS 2018. [Abstract P1219]
81 ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03387670.
82 MS Society press release, September 12, 2018. “MS-STAT2 trial for secondary progressive MS begins UK-wide recruitment.” https://www.mssociety.org.uk/research/latest-research/latest-research-news-and-blogs/ms-stat2-trial-for-secondary-progressive-ms-begins-recruitment-across-the-uk
83 Fitzgerald K, et al. ECTRIMS 2018. [Abstract 364]
84 Brenton JN, et al. ECTRIMS 2018. [Abstract P958]
85 Katz Sand I, et al. ECTRIMS 2018 [Abstract P450]
86 Cortese M. Chitnis T, Ascherio A, Munger KL. Total intake of different minerals and the risk of multiple sclerosis. Neurology. 2019; 92 (18). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000006800
87 Bistrom M, et al. ECTRIMS 2018. [Abstract P1757]
88 Cortese M. ECTRIMS 2018. [Abstract 321]
89 Koduah P, et al. ECTRIMS 2018. [Abstract 1781]
90 Cree BA, et al. ECTRIMS 2018. [P1221]
91 Ciron J, et al. ECTRIMS 2018. [Abstract P1222]
92 Rolla S, et al. ECTRIMS 2018. [Abstract P770]
93 Haigh S, et al. ECTRIMS 2018. [Abstract P446]
94 Wing A, et al. ECTRIMS 2018. [Abstract P649]
95 ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03161028.
96 Spain R, Powers K, Murchison C, et al. “Lipoic acid in secondary progressive MS: a randomized controlled pilot trial.” Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm. 2017 Jun 28;4(5):e374.
97 Burt RK, Balabanov R, Burman J, et al. “Effect of nonmyeloablative hematopoietic stem cell transplantation vs continued disease-modifying therapy on disease progression in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a randomized clinical trial.” JAMA. 2019;321(2):165-174.
98 Das J. ECTRIMS 2018. [Abstract 230]
99 BrainStorm Cell Therapeutics Inc. Dec. 17, 2018. “FDA accepts BrainStorm’s NurOwn® IND application for progressive multiple sclerosis.” http://ir.brainstorm-cell.com/news-releases/news-release-details/fda-accepts-brainstorms-nurownr-ind-application-progressive
100 ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03799718.
101 Cotsapas C, et al for the International Multiple Sclerosis Genetics Consortium. Cell. 2018;175:11679-1687.
102 Castro K, Ntranos A, Amatrada M, et al. “Body mass index in multiple sclerosis modulates ceramide-induced DNA methylation and disease course.” E BioMed. 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.03.087
103 Sorosina M, et al. ECTRIMS 2018. [Abstract P1068]
104 Sinnecker T. ECTRIMS 2018. [Abstract 138]
105 Maggi P, et al. ECTRIMS 2018. [Abstract P815]
106 Tavazzi E, et al. AAN 2019. [P5]
107 Kappos L. ECTRIMS 2018. [Abstract 286]
108 Yaldizli O. ECTRIMS 2018. [Abstract 262]
2 EMD Serono press release, March 29, 2019. “FDA approves MAVENCLAD® (Cladribine) Tablets as first and only shortcourse oral treatment for relapsing-remitting and active secondary progressive multiple sclerosis.” https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/fda-approves-mavenclad-cladribine-tablets-as-first-and-only-short-course-oral-treatment-for-relapsing-remitting-and-active-secondary-progressive-multiple-sclerosis-300821333.html
3 Mavenclad (cladribine) prescribing information. April 2019. EMD Serono, Inc. Rockland, MA.
4 Biogen press release, February 25, 2019. “Alkermes and Biogen announce U.S. Food and Drug Administration acceptance of diroximel fumarate New Drug Application for multiple sclerosis.” http://investors.biogen.com/news-releases/news-release-details/alkermes-and-biogen-announce-us-food-and-drug-administration
5 Celgene press release, March 25, 2019. “Celgene Submits Application to FDA for Ozanimod for the Treatment of Relapsing Forms of Multiple Sclerosis.” https://ir.celgene.com/press-releases/press-release-details/2019/Celgene-Submits-Application-to-FDA-for-Ozanimod-for-the-Treatment-of-Relapsing-Forms-of-Multiple-Sclerosis/default.aspx
6 Celgene press release, May 7, 2019. “Analysis showed oral ozanimod1 reduced brain volume loss across all age subgroups in adults with relapsing multiple sclerosis.” https://ir.celgene.com/press-releases/press-release-details/2019/Analysis-Showed-Oral-Ozanimod-Reduced-Brain-Volume-Loss-Across-All-Age-Subgroups-in-Adults-with-Relapsing-Multiple-Sclerosis/default.aspx
7 Biogen Inc. press release, January 3, 2019. “First patient enrolled in Biogen’s Phase 3B study to evaluate extended interval dosing (EID) with natalizumab in multiple sclerosis.” http://investors.biogen.com/news-releases/news-release-details/first-patient-enrolled-biogens-phase-3b-study-evaluate-extended
8 Cortese I, Muranski P, Enose-Akahata Y, et al. “Pembrolizumab treatment for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy.” N Engl J Med. 2019;380:1597-605. 52 Multiple Sclerosis Association of America
9 Wolinsky JS, et al. ECTRIMS 2018. [Abstract P910]
10 Manouchehrinia A, et al. ECTRIMS 2018. [Abstract P881]
11 Gold R, et al. ECTRIMS 2018. [Abstract P920]
12 Fält A, et al. ECTRIMS 2018. [Abstract P1228]
13 Comi G, et al. ECTRIMS 2018. [Abstract P1235]
14 Salvetti M, et al. ECTRIMS 2018. [Abstract P1236]
15 Zivadinov R, et al. ECTRIMS 2018. [Abstract P870]
16 Al-Izki S, et al. ECTRIMS 2018. [Abstract P1275]
17 Kappos L, et al. ECTRIMS 2018. [Abstract P1748]
18 Kingwell E, et al. “Multiple sclerosis: effect of beta interferon treatment on survival.” Brain. 2019; March 18. doing:10.1093/brain/awz055. [Epub ahead of print]
19 Brown JWL, Coles A, Horakova D, et al. “Association of initial disease-modifying therapy with later conversion to secondary progressive multiple sclerosis.” JAMA. 2019;321(2):175-187.
20 Chataway J. ECTRIMS 2018. [Abstract 324]
21 Tavares A, Barrett O, Alagille D, et al. “Brain distribution of MS565, an imaging analogue of siponimod (BAF312), in nonhuman primates.” (P1.168) Neurology. 2014;82(10):suppl. P1.168.
22 Kappos L, Bar-Or A, Cree BAC, et al. “Siponimod versus placebo in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (EXPAND): a double-blind, randomised, phase 3 study.” Lancet. 2018 391:1263-1273.
23 Mayzent (siponimod) prescribing information. March 2019. Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation. East Hanover, NJ.
24 Giovannoni G, et al. A placebo-controlled trial of oral cladribine for relapsing multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med. 2010. 362:416-426.
25 Hauser SL, et al. ECTRIMS 2018. [Abstract P590]
26 Arnold DL, et al. ECTRIMS 2018. [Abstract P588]
27 Hauser SL, et al. ECTRIMS 2018. [Abstract P1229]
28 Tecfidera (dimethyl fumarate) prescribing information. December 2017. Biogen Inc. Cambridge, MA.
29 Safer Demibuker S, et al. ECTRIMS 2018. [Abstract P1234]
30 Mancinelli CR, et al. ECTRIMS 2018. [Abstract P931]
31 Storm-Larsen C, et al. ECTRIMS 2018. [Abstract P960]
32 Bloomgren G, et al. “Risk of natalizumab-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy.” N Engl J Med. 2012;366:1870-1880.
33 Tysabri (natalizumab) prescribing information. April 2018. Biogen Inc. Cambridge, MA.
34 Ruggieri S, et al. ECTRIMS 2018. [Abstract P1770]
35 Vukusic S, et al. ECTRIMS 2018. [Abstract P1746]
36 Tysabrihcp.com. “Tysabri safety: a well-established profile.” https://www.tysabrihcp.com/en_us/home/efficacy-safety/pml-risk.html
37 Kappos L, et al. ECTRIMS 2018. [Abstract P916]
38 Fox E, et al. “Real-world durability of relapse rate reduction in patients with multiple sclerosis receiving fingolimod for up to 3 years: a retrospective US claims database analysis.” J Neurol Sci. 2019;398:163- 170.
39 Oreja-Guevara C, et al. ECTRIMS 2018. [P1239]
40 Kuhle J, et al. ECTRIMS 2018. [Abstract P1747]
41 Gallagher P. ECTRIMS 2018. [Abstract 264]
42 Plegridy (peginterferon beta-1a) prescribing information. July 2016. Biogen Inc. Cambridge, MA.
43 Aubagio (teriflunomide) prescribing information. November 2016. Genzyme Corporation. Cambridge, MA.
44 Comi G, et al. ECTRIMS 2018. [Abstract P1205]
45 Copaxone (glatiramer acetate) prescribing information. September 2018. Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc. North Wales, PA.
46 Hellwig K, et al. ECTRIMS 2018. [Abstract P1004]
47 Flechter S, et al. ECTRIMS 2018. [Abstract P1777]
48 Betaseron (interferon beta-1b) prescribing information. August 2018. Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals Inc. Whippany, NJ.
49 Vollmer B, et al. ECTRIMS 2018. [Abstract P1237]
50 Langer-Gould A, et al. ECTRIMS 2018. [Abstract 88]
51 Shukla NM, Lotze T. ACTRIMS 2019. [Abstract P047]
52 Kappos L, et al. ECTRIMS 2018. [Abstract P965]
53 Novartis press release, October 10, 2018. “Breadth of data at ECTRIMS underpins Novartis’ relentless commitment to decoding the science of multiple sclerosis (MS) and decreasing the patient burden.” https://www.novartis.com/news/media-releases/breadth-data-ectrims-underpins-novartis-relentless-commitment-decoding-science-multiple-sclerosis-ms-and-decreasing-patient-burden
54 ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02792218.
55 Zhu B, et al. ECTRIMS 2018. [Abstract EP1619]
56 ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03222973.
57 Mellion M, et al. “Efficacy results from the Phase 2b SYNERGY study: treatment of disabling multiple sclerosis with the anti- LINGO-1 monoclonal antibody opicinumab.” (S33.004) Neurology. 2017;88(16Suppl).
58 Fox E. ECTRIMS 2017. [Abstract P793]; Fox E. ECTRIMS 2018. [Abstract 229]
59 TG Therapeutics press release, March 1, 2019. “TG Therapeutics, Inc. announces final Phase 2 multiple sclerosis data presentation at the Americas Committee for Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis (ACTRIMS) Annual Meeting.” http://ir.tgtherapeutics.com/news-releases/news-release-details/tg-therapeutics-inc-announces-final-phase-2-multiple-sclerosis-1
60 TG Therapeutics press release, August 7, 2018. “TG Therapeutics announces completion of target enrollment in the ULTIMATE Phase 3 trials in multiple sclerosis.” http://ir.tgtherapeutics.com/news-releases/news-release-details/tg-therapeutics-announces-completion-target-enrollment-ultimate
61 GeNeuro SA press release, January 21, 2019. “GeNeuro Announces Positive Results from Temelimab (GNbAC1) Phase 1 High-dose Clinical Trial.” https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20190121005367/en/GeNeuro-Announces-Positive-Results-Temelimab-GNbAC1-Phase
62 Hartung H. ECTRIMS 2018. [Abstract 143]
63 GeNeuro SA press release, March 12, 2019. “GeNeuro’s ANGEL-MS Phase 2b extension study confirms and extends the neuroprotective effects of temelimab in MS.” https://www.geneuro.com/data/news/GeNeuro-PR-ANGEL-MS-EN-VF.pdf
64 Cohen JA, et al. “Safety and efficacy of the selective sphingosine 1- phosphate receptor modulator ozanimod in relapsing multiple sclerosis (RADIANCE): a randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial.” Lancet Neurol. 2016;15(4):373-381.
65 Celgene press release, March 8, 2019. “Celgene Submits Application to EMA for Ozanimod for the Treatment of Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis.” https://ir.celgene.com/press-releases/press-release-details/2019/Celgene-Submits-Application-to-EMA-for-Ozanimod-for-the-Treatment-of-Relapsing-Remitting-Multiple-Sclerosis/default.aspx
66 Comi G, et al. ECTRIMS 2018. [Abstract P1191]
67 Comi G, et al. ECTRIMS 2018. [Abstract P869]
68 Deluca J, et al. ECTRIMS 2018. [Abstract P556]
69 ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02907177.
70 Kappos L, et al. ECTRIMS 2018. [Abstract P568]
71 ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02425644.
72 Arnold DL, et al. AAN 2019. [Abstract P3.2-060]
73 ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03093324.
74 Naismith R, et al. ECTRIMS 2017. [Abstract P708]
75 Lehmann-Horn K, et al. “Targeting B cells in the treatment of multiple sclerosis: recent advances and remaining challenges.” Ther Adv Neurol Disord. 2013;6(3):161-173.
76 Montalban X. ECTRIMS 2018. [Abstract P322]
77 MediciNova, Inc. press release. Oct. 26, 2017. “MediciNova announces positive top-line results from the SPRINT-MS Phase 2b trial of MN-166 (ibudilast) in progressive MS: achieved both primary endpoints including a significant reduction in whole brain atrophy and safety and tolerability.” https://investors.medicinova.com/news-releases/news-release-details/medicinova-announces-positive-top-line-results-sprint-ms-phase
78 Goodman A, et al. AAN 2019. [Presentation 007: Session S12]
79 MediciNova, Inc. press release, April 1, 2019. “MediciNova Announces Results of Subgroup Analysis from the SPRINT-MS Phase 2b Trial of MN-166 (ibudilast) in Progressive MS.” https://www.apnews.com/Globe%20Newswire/23e846bb5075003f0f096c9ae599009b
80 Eshaghi A, et al. ECTRIMS 2018. [Abstract P1219]
81 ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03387670.
82 MS Society press release, September 12, 2018. “MS-STAT2 trial for secondary progressive MS begins UK-wide recruitment.” https://www.mssociety.org.uk/research/latest-research/latest-research-news-and-blogs/ms-stat2-trial-for-secondary-progressive-ms-begins-recruitment-across-the-uk
83 Fitzgerald K, et al. ECTRIMS 2018. [Abstract 364]
84 Brenton JN, et al. ECTRIMS 2018. [Abstract P958]
85 Katz Sand I, et al. ECTRIMS 2018 [Abstract P450]
86 Cortese M. Chitnis T, Ascherio A, Munger KL. Total intake of different minerals and the risk of multiple sclerosis. Neurology. 2019; 92 (18). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000006800
87 Bistrom M, et al. ECTRIMS 2018. [Abstract P1757]
88 Cortese M. ECTRIMS 2018. [Abstract 321]
89 Koduah P, et al. ECTRIMS 2018. [Abstract 1781]
90 Cree BA, et al. ECTRIMS 2018. [P1221]
91 Ciron J, et al. ECTRIMS 2018. [Abstract P1222]
92 Rolla S, et al. ECTRIMS 2018. [Abstract P770]
93 Haigh S, et al. ECTRIMS 2018. [Abstract P446]
94 Wing A, et al. ECTRIMS 2018. [Abstract P649]
95 ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03161028.
96 Spain R, Powers K, Murchison C, et al. “Lipoic acid in secondary progressive MS: a randomized controlled pilot trial.” Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm. 2017 Jun 28;4(5):e374.
97 Burt RK, Balabanov R, Burman J, et al. “Effect of nonmyeloablative hematopoietic stem cell transplantation vs continued disease-modifying therapy on disease progression in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a randomized clinical trial.” JAMA. 2019;321(2):165-174.
98 Das J. ECTRIMS 2018. [Abstract 230]
99 BrainStorm Cell Therapeutics Inc. Dec. 17, 2018. “FDA accepts BrainStorm’s NurOwn® IND application for progressive multiple sclerosis.” http://ir.brainstorm-cell.com/news-releases/news-release-details/fda-accepts-brainstorms-nurownr-ind-application-progressive
100 ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03799718.
101 Cotsapas C, et al for the International Multiple Sclerosis Genetics Consortium. Cell. 2018;175:11679-1687.
102 Castro K, Ntranos A, Amatrada M, et al. “Body mass index in multiple sclerosis modulates ceramide-induced DNA methylation and disease course.” E BioMed. 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.03.087
103 Sorosina M, et al. ECTRIMS 2018. [Abstract P1068]
104 Sinnecker T. ECTRIMS 2018. [Abstract 138]
105 Maggi P, et al. ECTRIMS 2018. [Abstract P815]
106 Tavazzi E, et al. AAN 2019. [P5]
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