Tremor is a difficult symptom to manage. This is a back-and-forth or “oscillating” movement that usually affects the arms or legs, but can also (less frequently) affect the head or body (trunk). Individuals experiencing tremor may find that this symptom varies and is not always present. However, when tremor does occur, it can interfere with one’s balance and coordination.
Size of movements: ranging from very small movements (fine tremor) to large movements (gross tremor)
Areas affected: limbs, head, or truck; can also affect speech
When they occur: when the muscle is at rest or when intentionally moving
Speed of tremor: ranging from slow to fast
Impact of tremor: some may be barely noticeable and more of an annoyance; others may be significant, interfering with normal function and daily activities
Response to treatment: some tremors may respond well to treatment, others do not
With so many variables, having the tremor evaluated by a neurologist or other healthcare professional is critical for determining the most effective treatment plan.
With multiple sclerosis, the most frequently seen tremor is caused by demyelination in the cerebellum and its connections, which are located in the lower-back region of the brain. This area of the brain helps to control movement, coordination, balance, and muscle tone. This type of tremor tends to be a slow, gross tremor affecting a limb when moving intentionally (purposeful movement). Unfortunately, this type of tremor is the most challenging to treat. Additionally, stress and anxiety can worsen this type of tremor, which may improve when treated with a sedating type of medication.
Different strategies may be used in an effort to reduce tremors. These include:
Bracing: Braces can immobilize a joint and control extra movement. Bracing the ankle and foot can add stability for standing or walking; braces may also be used for the arm, hand, or neck.
Weighting: Adding extra weight to an affected area can help to stabilize a part of the body, such as the feet, ankles, wrists, and hands. Items can also be weighted, including pens, pencils, eating utensils, a cane, or a walker.
Speech therapy: When tremors around the mouth (lips, tongue, and jaw) interfere with speaking, speech therapy may help. Strategies include techniques to slow speech, increase clarity, and control loudness.
Adaptive equipment: Employing special household items designed to be used in daily activities can be helpful. These can be easy to hold or keep in place with everyday activities – such as writing, dressing, and eating.
Medications: Several medications (listed below) are available to treat certain types of tremor; a healthcare professional can prescribe the one that is best suited for his or her patient.
Treatment plans will often include a combination of strategies to minimize the effects of tremors, but do not eliminate them. The following medications may be used to treat tremor.
Atarax®, Vistaril® (hydroxyzine)
Klonopin® (clonazepam) and Buspar® (buspirone)
Neurontin® (gabapentin)
Inderal® (propranolol)
Zofran® (ondansetron)
Keppra® (levetiracetam)
Mysoline® (primidone)
Laniazid®, Nydrazid® (isoniazid)
Updated in May 2024 by Dr. Barry Hendin, MSAA Chief Medical Officer
Original content by Randall T. Schapiro, MD
Reference:
Schapiro, R. T., Managing the Symptoms of Multiple Sclerosis, 5th edition, (Demos Medical Publishing, 2007)
